Jul 23, 2012 this video shows the sequence of scans through the optic nerve and surrounding retina. This causes an anatomically smaller optic nerve, that can be quantitated by neuroimaging. In vivo optic nerve head mechanical response to intraocular. Another big plus is that the optometrist has me scheduled for a baseline oct scan at my next visit. This test provides clinicians with measurements of nerve. Thats important because im no longer able to have mris done. Avoiding clinical misinterpretation and artifacts of optical. Optic nerve head measurements with optical coherence. The optic nerve head scan provides measurement of the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber, cupdisc parameters, and an ou report that facilitates symmetry analysis. Retinal and optic nerve scan multiple sclerosis medhelp. The vast majority of optic nerve fibres convey information regarding central vision. Pdf optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer imaging. The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve ii, or simply as cn ii, is a paired cranial nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements are readily and routinely.
Although optic nerve and retinal imaging devices have been used to document the appearance of the optic nerve head and retina, there is a lack of evidence from prospective clinical studies demonstrating that clinical outcomes are improved by incorporating this technology into glaucoma screening. Optic nerve and retinal imaging methods medical clinical. It is not to be confused with other ocularbased technologies. Reproducibility of retinal and optic nerve head perfusion.
Heres an optic nerve scan oct retinal nerve fiber layer scan of the right and left eye. Cirrus hdoct retinal nerve fiber layer rnfl deviation maps ab, circular tomograms cd, and printout results. The oct exam helps your ophthalmologist see changes to the fibers of the optic nerve. Evaluating the optic nerve for glaucomatous damage with oct. Assessment of optic nerve head drusen using enhanced depth imaging and swept source optical coherence tomography. Software modifications released soon thereafter made evaluating the onh. The confocal laser scanning tomographic ophthalmoscope scans layers of the retina to make quantitative measurements of the surface features of the optic nerve head and fundus.
Optic nerve measurements by 3d ultrasoundbased coronal c. The heidelberg retina tomograph hrt is a special laser that produces a threedimensional highresolution image of the optic nerve. View the cube data from all angles, with 3d rendering, oct fundus images and advanced visualization. Aetna considers optic nerve and retinal imaging methods experimental and investigational. The nerve fiber analyzer gdx uses laser light to measure the thickness of the nerve fiber layer. Using the fastmacular cube scan of a prototype software. However, every few years, the software is updated, and every decade the. Axons can be thought of as long cables or extensions of the retinal ganglion cells, which are the cells that are damaged in glaucoma. In the past decade, three technologies for imaging the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer have become commercially available. The stratus oct measured retinal nerve fiber layer rnfl thickness via a. The retinal ganglion cells coursing into the optic nerve are responsible for the appearance of the neuroretinal rim. The fast optic disc scanning protocol software ver. Highly specialized medical imaging for the most comprehensive glaucoma treatment. Oct scan, which looks at the nerves in the back of your eye.
Optic disc imaging forms an essential part of the management of glaucoma suspects and patients with established glaucomatous visual field loss. Optovue iscan oct preowned enhanced medical services. Optical coherence tomography has been used in both dogs and cats in a research setting to visualize sub retinal implants 5254. Current oct systems also possess recognition software and progression or change functions to. Optic nerve swelling your survival guide eye news medium. Oct image analysis software also reports the average rnfl thickness as well. Orbital ct scan in optic nerve drusen retina image bank. Differentiating mild papilledema and buried optic nerve head drusen using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. It cannot be used with conditions that interfere with light passing through the eye. Softwareassisted depth analysis of optic nerve stereoscopic.
Two common imaging tests include a simple highresolution color photograph with a very bright flash from a professional camera, and a quick laser scan of the optic nerve. Artifact alert as more glaucoma specialists rely on this technology, being aware of its limitations has become increasingly important. Segmentation of the retinal layers was performed utilizing orion software for. The cirrus hdocts current software features additional layouts that enable the clinician to see nerve and macular findings on a single printout and formulate functional and structural relationships between visual fields and oct data, respectively. Oct technology is transforming the way physicians assess nerve fiber layer thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness, and a range of parameters on the optic disc. Optical coherence tomography for the evaluation of retinal. Our ability to help our patients often depends on technology, and one of the most useful technologies to come along in recent years is optical coherence tomography. Changes within the orbital optic nerve also reflect the decreased number of retinal ganglion cell axons in glaucoma. All participants underwent ophthalmologic examination and handheld optical coherence tomography oct of the macula and on head. Pdf evaluation of optic nerve head parameters, retinal.
These scans especially help in diagnosing disorders of the macula and optic nerve. Advances in imaging of the optic disc and retinal nerve fibe. As long as the scan is placed in the vicinity of the fovea or optic nerve, the software automatically centers the measurements after the capture. The extent of the damage to the right optic nerve is seen in the profound thinning of the macular gclipl thickness. The picture on the left is what we see as we look into the eye. The decrease in vision from glaucoma is related to the loss of retinal ganglion cells.
These axons form the nerve fibre layer in the retina which then converges to go through the. Ocular imaging is necessary to document the health of the optic nerve, vitreous, macula, retina, and blood vessels. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells. Optical coherence tomography oct is an advanced technology that safely allows your ophthalmologist to clearly see crosssectional images of the delicate internal structures inside the eye this allows your doctor to identify, diagnose and monitor many types of retinal and optic nerve disorders. Mar 15, 2017 the superficial retina oct angiogram includes vascular data from the nfl, gcl and ipl. Optical coherence tomography oct is a noninvasive, noncontact imaging technique capable of producing highresolution images of the retina and optic nerve.
Optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber imaging eyewiki. This test provides clinicians with measurements of nerve fiber damage or loss. Methods this was a prospective casecontrol study including 27 patients with microcephaly and 27 healthy controls. Optic neuritis on is when your optic nerve becomes inflamed, causing vision loss. These images provide information that is useful for following the progression andor resolution of posterior segment disease. Description of the instrument and the concepts underlying the analysis software is available. Objective to investigate the morphology of the retina and optic nerve on in microcephaly. Thus, eye doctors can use it both for diagnosing glaucoma, as there are characteristic areas in which the retinal nerve fiber layer thins first, as well. It allows the visualization of perfused vessels in a scan area of 2. Optic nerve hypoplasia onh is a nonprogressive congenital abnormality of the optic nerve characterized by up to a 90% reduction in the number of axons in histologic samples. For example, it can detect changes caused by glaucoma. The photographs are used for comparison, documentation, and sometimes to diagnose certain eye conditions. The iscan comprehensive oct model takes retina mapping to the next level with a 3d retina scan that allows virtual dissection of the retina using ilm, ipl, and rpe reference planes.
Scans can detect small nerve fiber layer changes of the optic nerve at the micron level. Retinal nerve fiber layer an overview sciencedirect topics. A retinal scan is a biometric technique that uses unique patterns on a persons retina blood vessels. Optical coherence tomography of the retina and optic nerve. Cirrus hdoct optical coherence tomography oct retina. Your doctor may document this assessment either with drawings or with optic disc photos. Viewing the optic nerve through lenses and a slit lamp is the best way for your doctor to assess the optic nerve for glaucoma.
Elevated intraocular pressure is the greatest risk factor for development of ganglion cell loss. Nerve fiber layer testing or analysis laser scanning polarimetry. By imaging your optic nerve over time during multiple visits to your eye doctor, these machines can help monitor and detect loss of optic nerve fibers. Factors affecting cirrushd oct optic disc scan quality. Twentythree normal eyes were examined with the intensity profiling technique of 3d i scan and 52 normal eyes with the automated technique. Glaucoma specialists take pictures of the optic nerve in order to measure. The thickness of individual retinal layers was quantified at. The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and support cells. Retinal and optic nerve changes in microcephaly neurology. The optic nerve size changes in early life and is likely stable after age 10. Optical coherence tomography oct is a rapid noncontact method that allows in vivo imaging of the retina, optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer rnfl. Optic nerve, second cranial nerve, which carries sensory nerve impulses from the more than one million ganglion cells of the retina toward the visual centres in the brain. Although oct dates to the early 1990s, the introduction of the stratus oct carl zeiss meditec in 2001the original timedomain technologymarks when oct became widely accessible.
The optic nerve is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer imaging in glaucoma diagnosis article pdf available may 2009 with 708 reads how we measure reads. All oct models allow for the change of the size, length and width of the line scans, depending on the pathology imaged. When thinning, this layer gives important clues to physicians about the presence of glaucoma. Comparison of cross sectional optical coherence tomography. Evaluation of optic nerve head parameters, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ocular perfusion pressure in migraine patients article pdf available. Linear regression analysis shows the decreasing values of 360 mean retinal nerve fiber layer rnfl thickness for larger discs r. The effect of scan diameter on retinal nerve fiber layer. Oct is often used to evaluate disorders of the optic nerve as well. Optical coherence tomography oct has become an important tool for the clinical evaluation of the optic nerve and retina.
The optic nerve optic disc, optic disk, optic nerve head area is approximately 2. Sep 12, 2017 the optic nerve is the culmination of the axons of the ganglion cells in the neuro sensory retina. Software guided optic nerve assessment can assist in process. In addition, the b scan through the right optic nerve shows an elevated optic disc with no cup because of the gliosis bottom image, red arrowhead. Substantial evidence suggests that defective perfusion of the optic nerve head and peripapillary retina contributes to the development and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in many. Oct scans can help guide treatment for glaucoma, age related macular degeneration, macular edema, diabetic eye disease, macular hole, epiretinal membrane, choroidal neovascular membranes, and many other problems that can manifest within the retina. Optic nerve imaging and glaucoma testing brightfocus foundation. Magnetic resonance imaging mri, computed tomography, and ultrasonography have all been used for this purpose. Ophthalmic surgery, lasers and imaging retina abstract. Sep 15, 2015 all instruments possess a retinal thickness scanning mode as well as an optic nerve and rnfl acquisition and analysis table 3.
Optical coherence tomography in pediatric optic neuropathies. There are several types of pictures, and each one provides different information to your eye doctor. Detection of glaucoma progression with stratus oct retinal nerve. Aug 23, 2018 thus, the capability to quantify regional optic nerve, retina, and sclera strain in the living human eye will not only enhance the understanding of the relationships between variations in tissue. And here correctly the optic nerve scan is picking up on the temporal pallor, by showing some thinning of the optic nerve retinal nerve fiber layer scan. So right eye is on your left hand side of your screen.
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography assessment of. Optovue oct systems utilize advanced software to provide extensive analysis of optic disc structures in simple, easytoread reports. Highresolution imaging of the optic nerve and retina in. So again, oct of the retinal nerve fiber layer is a diagnostic tool, and it should be used in conjunction with your clinical exam, with other imaging, including your 242. Segmentation of the retinal layers was performed utilizing orion software for quantifying. Jul 14, 2018 images collected using the heidelberg spectralis platform were a 6slice radial scan centered on the optic nerve head with a scan length of 30, and 30 high resolution line scans with and without enhanced depth imaging edi oriented to intersect the fovea and the center of the optic nerve.